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Air-to-surface missile

AGM-65 Bohemian
AGM-65 Maverick MG 1382.jpg
Type Air-to-surface missile
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service 30 August 1972 – present[i]
Used by 30+ countries
Wars Vietnam State of war
Yom Kippur State of war
Iran–Iraq War
Farsi Gulf State of war
Iraq War
First Libyan Civil State of war
Product history
Manufacturer Raytheon Missile Systems
Raytheon
Unit cost U.s.a.$17,000 to $110,000, depending on variant[1]
No. built 70,000+
Specifications
Mass 210–304 kg (462–670 lb)[2]
Length 249 cm (8 ft 2 in)[2]
Diameter 30 cm (12 in)[2]
Warhead
  • 57 kg (126 lb) WDU-xx/B shaped-charge (A/B/C/D/H models)
  • 136 kg (300 lb) WDU-24/B penetrating smash-fragmentation (East/F/G/J/K models)
  • E models use FMU-135/B delayed touch on fuze[2]
Engine
  • A/B: Thiokol SR109-TC-one
  • D/E/F/G/H/J/K: SR114-TC-1 (or Aerojet SR115-AJ-one) solid propellant rocket motor via a WPU-iv/B or WPU-8/B propulsion section[2]
Wingspan 710 mm (2 ft iv in)[1]
Propellant Solid propellant[1]

Operational
range

 Greater than 22 km (12 nmi)[3]
Maximum speed one,150 km/h (620 kn)[iii]

Guidance
system
  • A/B/H/J/Grand:: Electro-optical guidance
  • D/F/G: imaging infrared guidance
  • Due east: Laser guidance[one] [2]

The AGM-65 Bohemian is an air-to-ground missile (AGM) designed for shut air back up. It is the almost widely produced precision-guided missile in the Western world,[4] and is effective against a wide range of tactical targets, including armor, air defenses, ships, ground transportation and fuel storage facilities.

Development began in 1966 at Hughes every bit the first missile to employ an electronic contrast seeker. It entered service with the United States Air Force in August 1972. Since then, information technology has been exported to more than than xxx countries and is certified on 25 aircraft.[v] The Bohemian served during the Vietnam, Yom Kippur, Iran–Republic of iraq, and Persian Gulf Wars, along with other smaller conflicts, destroying enemy forces and installations with varying degrees of success.

Since its introduction into service, numerous Maverick versions had been designed and produced using electro-optical, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and imaging infrared guidance systems. The AGM-65 has two types of warhead: 1 has a contact fuze in the nose, the other has a heavyweight warhead fitted with a delayed-action fuze, which penetrates the target with its kinetic energy before detonating. The missile is currently produced by Raytheon Missile Systems.

The Maverick shares the aforementioned configuration as Hughes'southward AIM-4 Falcon and AIM-54 Phoenix, and measures more than 2.four g (8 ft) in length and 30 cm (12 in) in bore.

Development [edit]

The Maverick's evolution history began in 1965, when the U.s. Air Force (USAF) began a program to develop a replacement to the AGM-12 Bullpup.[6] With a range of 16.three km (viii.8 nmi), the radio-guided Bullpup was introduced in 1959 and was considered a "argent bullet" by operators. However, the launch aircraft was required to fly straight towards the target during the missile's flight instead of performing evasive maneuvers, thus risking the coiffure.[6] Even when it hit, the small 250 pounds (110 kg) warhead was only useful against modest targets like bunkers, when used against larger targets like the Thanh Hóa Bridge it did petty other than char the structure.[7] The USAF began a series of projects to replace Bullpup, both larger versions of Bullpup, models C and D, equally well equally a series of Bullpup adaptations offer burn down-and-forget guidance. Amidst the latter were the AGM-83 Bulldog, AGM-79 Blueish Eye and AGM-lxxx Viper.

From 1966 to 1968, Hughes Missile Systems Partitioning and Rockwell competed for the contract to build an entirely new fire-and-forget missile with far greater range performance than whatever of the Bullpup versions. Each were allocated $3 million for preliminary design and engineering work of the Maverick in 1966.[eight] In 1968, Hughes emerged with the $95 one thousand thousand contract for further evolution and testing of the missile; at the same time, contract options called for 17,000 missiles to be procured.[8] Hughes conducted a shine evolution of the AGM-65 Maverick, with the first unguided test launch from an F-4 on 18 September 1969,[nine] with the beginning guided examination on 18 Dec successfully performing a direct hitting on a M41 tank target at the Air Force Missile Development Center at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.[8]

In July 1971, the USAF and Hughes signed a $69.9 one thousand thousand contract for ii,000 missiles,[8] the first of which was delivered in 1972.[6] Although early operational results were favorable, military machine planners predicted that the Maverick would fare less successfully in the hazy conditions of Primal Europe, where it would accept been used against Warsaw Pact forces.[x] Every bit such, development of the AGM-65B "Scene Magnified" version began in 1975 earlier it was delivered during the late 1970s. When production of the AGM-65A/B was concluded in 1978, more than 35,000 missiles had been built.[2]

AGM-65 M-48 pre impact.jpg
AGM-65 M-48 post impact.jpg

An AGM-65 test-fired confronting an M48 tank (1978)

More versions of the Maverick appeared, among which was the laser-guided AGM-65C/E. Development of the AGM-65C started in 1978 by Rockwell, who congenital a number of evolution missiles for the USAF.[2] [ten] Due to high cost, the version was not procured by the USAF, and instead entered service with the United States Marine Corps (USMC) as the AGM-65E.[2] [10]

Some other major evolution was the AGM-65D, which employed an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker. Past imaging on radiated heat, the IIR is all-weather operable likewise as showing improved performance in acquiring and tracking the hot engines, such as in tanks and trucks, that were to be one of its major missions.[two] The seekerhead mechanically scanned the scene over a nitrogen-cooled 4-by-4 pixel array using a series of mirrored facets machined into the inner surface of the band-shaped chief gyroscope.[ citation needed ] The five-year development period of the AGM-65D started in 1977 and ended with the beginning delivery to the USAF in October 1983.[2] The version received initial operating capability in February 1986.[one]

The AGM-65F is a hybrid Maverick combining the AGM-65D'south IIR seeker and warhead and propulsion components of the AGM-65E.[two] Deployed by the United States Navy (USN), the AGM-65F is optimized for maritime strike roles.[2] The outset AGM-65F launch from the P-3C took place in 1989, and in 1994, the USN awarded Unisys a contract to integrate the version with the P-3C.[4] [11] Meanwhile, Hughes produced the AGM-65G, which essentially has the same guidance system as the D, with some software modifications that track larger targets.[1]

In the mid-1990s to early 2000s, at that place were several ideas of enhancing the Maverick'southward potential. Among them was the stillborn plan to incorporate the Maverick millimeter wave active radar homing, which can determine the exact shape of a target.[12] Another report called "Longhorn Project"[12] was conducted by Hughes, and afterward Raytheon post-obit the absorption of Hughes into Raytheon, looked a Maverick version equipped with turbojet engines instead of rocket motors. The "Maverick ER", as it was dubbed, would accept a "significant increase in range" compared to the Maverick'south current range of 25 kilometres (16 mi).[13] The proposal was abandoned, but if the Maverick ER had entered product, it would have replaced the AGM-119B Penguin carried on the MH-60R.[13]

The most modern versions of the Maverick are the AGM-65H/K, which were in production as of 2007[update].[1] The AGM-65H was developed by coupling the AGM-65B with a accuse-coupled device (CCD) seeker optimized for desert operations and which has three times the range of the original TV-sensor;[2] [13] a parallel USN plan aimed at rebuilding AGM-65Fs with newer CCD seekers resulted in the AGM-65J.[two] The AGM-65K, meanwhile, was developed past replacing the AGM-65G'due south IR guidance system with an electro-optical idiot box guidance organisation.[1]

Blueprint [edit]

The Maverick has a modular design, allowing for different combinations of the guidance package and warhead to be attached to the rocket motor to produce a different weapon.[1] It has long-chord delta wings and a cylindrical body, reminiscent of the AIM-iv Falcon and the AIM-54 Phoenix.[3]

Different models of the AGM-65 have used electro-optical, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and imaging infrared guidance systems. The AGM-65 has 2 types of warhead: one has a contact fuze in the nose, the other has a heavyweight warhead fitted with a delayed-action fuze, which penetrates the target with its kinetic free energy before detonating. The latter is near effective confronting large, hard targets. The propulsion system for both types is a solid-fuel rocket motor behind the warhead.[ane]

The Maverick missile is unable to lock onto targets on its own; it has to be given input by the airplane pilot or weapon systems officer (WSO) afterward which information technology follows the path to the target apart. In an A-10 Thunderbolt II, for example, the video feed from the seeker head is relayed to a screen in the cockpit, where the pilot can check the locked target of the missile before launch. A crosshair on the heads-upward display is shifted by the pilot to set the estimate target, where the missile will so automatically recognize and lock on to the target. Once the missile is launched, information technology requires no farther aid from the launch vehicle and tracks its target automatically. This burn down-and-forget property is non shared by the E version that uses semi-active laser homing.[2]

Variants [edit]

Differences between unlike Bohemian versions[1] [2] [3] [5]
AGM-65A/B AGM-65D AGM-65E AGM-65F/G AGM-65H AGM-65J AGM-65K
Length two.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wingspan 72 cm (28.three in)
Diameter 30 cm (12 in)
Weight 210 kg (462 lb) 220 kg (485 lb) 293 kg (645 lb) 306 kg (675 lb) 210 or 211 kg (462 or 465 lb) 297 kg (654 lb) 306 kg (675 lb)
Speed one,150 km/h (620 kn)
Range Greater than 22 km (12 nmi)
Guidance Electro-optical Imaging infrared Laser Imaging infrared Accuse-coupled device
Propulsion Thiokol SR109-TC-i solid-fuel rocket Thiokol SR114-TC-1 (or Aerojet SR115-AJ-1) solid-fuel rocket
Warhead 57 kg (126 lb) WDU-20/B shaped-charge 136 kg (300 lb) WDU-24/B
penetrating blast-fragmentation 		57 kg (126 lb) WDU-20/B
shaped-accuse 		136 kg (300 lb) WDU-24/B
penetrating smash-fragmentation

Laser AGM-65E Maverick on a USN F/A-18C, 2004

  • Bohemian A is the bones model and uses an electro-optical television guidance arrangement. No longer in U.S. service.
  • Maverick B is similar to the A model, although the B model added optical zooming to lock onto small or distant targets.
  • Maverick C was to exist a laser-guided variant for the United States Marine Corps (USMC). It was canceled earlier production, however its requirement was after met by the Bohemian Due east.
  • Maverick D replaced the electro-optical guidance with an imaging infrared system which doubled the practical firing altitude and allowed for its use at night and during bad conditions. A reduced smoke rocket engine was too introduced in this model. It achieved its initial operation adequacy in 1983.
  • Maverick E uses a laser designator guidance system optimized for fortified installations using a delayed fuse combined with a heavier penetrating nail-fragmentation warhead (140 kg (300 lb) vs. 57 kg (125 lb) in older models) that perforates a target with its kinetic free energy before detonation. It achieved IOC in 1985 and was used mainly by USMC aviation.
  • Maverick F, designed specially for United States Navy, it uses a modified Bohemian D infrared guidance organization optimized for tracking ships fitted onto a Maverick-E body and warhead.
  • Maverick G model essentially has the aforementioned guidance system as the D with some software modification that enables the pilot to rails larger targets. The G model's major divergence is its heavier penetrator warhead taken from the Maverick E, compared to the D model's shaped-charge warhead. It completed tests in 1988.
  • Maverick H model is an AGM-65B/D missile upgraded with a new accuse-coupled device (CCD) seeker better suited for the desert environment.
  • Bohemian J model is a Navy AGM-65F missile upgraded with the new CCD seeker. Yet, this conversion is non confirmed.
  • Maverick K model is an AGM-65G upgraded with the CCD seeker; at least 1,200, just peradventure upwards to 2,500 AGM-65G rounds are planned for conversion to AGM-65K standard.[2]
  • Maverick E2/L model incorporates a laser-guided seeker that allows for designation past the launch aircraft, another aircraft, or a ground source and can appoint small-scale, fast moving, and maneuvering targets on state and at sea.[xiv] [xv]

Deployment [edit]

An A-10 firing a Maverick missile

The Maverick was alleged operational on thirty August 1972 with the F-4D/Es and A-7s initially cleared for the type;[8] the missile fabricated its combat debut iv months afterwards with the USAF in the Vietnam War.[xvi] During the Yom Kippur War in October 1973, the Israelis used Mavericks to destroy and disable enemy vehicles.[10] Deployment of early versions of the Mavericks in these two wars were successful due to the favorable atmospheric conditions that suited the electro-optical TV seeker.[10] Ninety-9 missiles were fired during the ii wars, 80-four of which were successful.[17] [N 1].

The Bohemian was used for trials with the BGM-34A unmanned aerial vehicle in 1972–1973. Targeting could be carried out with a TV camera in the nose of the UAV. or using the seeker of an AGM-45 Shrike anti-radar missile besides carried past the UAV to locate the target for the Maverick's camera to lock on to.[xix]

In June 1975, during a edge confrontation, a formation of Iranian F-4E Phantoms destroyed a group of Iraqi tanks past firing 12 Mavericks at them.[xx] 5 years later, during Operation Morvarid as part of the Islamic republic of iran–Iraq State of war, Iranian F-4s used Mavericks to sink three Osa II missile boats and four P-6 combat ships.[21] Due to weapons embargoes, Iran had to equip its AH-1J SeaCobra helicopters with AGM-65 Maverick missiles and used them with some success in various operations such as Operation Fatholmobin wherein Iranian AH-1Js fired eleven Mavericks.[22] [23] [24]

In Baronial 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. In early 1991, the U.s.-led Coalition executed Operation Desert Storm during which Mavericks played a crucial role in the ousting of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Employed by F-15E Strike Eagles, F/A-18 Hornets, AV-8B Harriers, F-16 Fighting Falcons and A-x Thunderbolt IIs, just used mainly past the concluding ii, more than v,000 Mavericks were used to set on armored targets.[one] [25] The well-nigh-used variant past the USAF was the IIR-guided AGM-65D.[25] The reported striking rate by USAF Mavericks was eighty–90%, while for the USMC information technology was sixty%.[2] The Bohemian was used again in Iraq during the 2003 Republic of iraq War, during which 918 were fired.[11]

The get-go time the Maverick were fired from a Lockheed P-iii Orion at a hostile vessel was when the USN and coalition units came to the assistance of Libyan rebels to engage the Libyan Coast Guard vessel Vittoria in the port of Misrata, Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya, during the late evening of 28 March 2011. Vittoria was engaged and fired upon by a USN P-3C Maritime Patrol aircraft with AGM-65 Maverick missiles.[26]

Launch platforms [edit]

Map with AGM-65 operators in blueish

A U.S. Navy F/A-18C Hornet armed with AGM-65 Maverick

United States [edit]

LAU-117 Bohemian launchers accept been used on United states of america Army, USN, USAF, and USMC aircraft (some platforms may load LAU-88 triple-rail launchers when configured and authorized):

  • Bell AH-1W SuperCobra[27]
  • Boeing AH-64 Apache[4]
  • Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet[28]
  • McDonnell Douglas A-4M Skyhawk[29]
  • Grumman A-half dozen Intruder[27]
  • Fairchild Commonwealth A-x Thunderbolt Two[25]
  • General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark[27]
  • General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon[25]
  • Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite[27]
  • Lockheed P-three Orion[26]
  • LTV A-7 Corsair Two[8]
  • McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier Ii[25]
  • McDonnell Douglas F-iv Phantom Two[eight]
  • McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Hawkeye[25]
  • McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet[25]

Consign [edit]

The Maverick has been exported to at least 35[30] countries:

  • Australia Royal Australian Air Force: F/A-eighteen[31] [32] [ unreliable source? ]
  • Belgium Belgian Air Component:[30] F-16 (AGM-65G)
  • Canada Majestic Canadian Air Forcefulness: CF-18[33]
  • Chile Chilean Air Force:[thirty] F-16 AM/BM MLU, F-16 C/D Cake 50+
  • Czech Republic Czech Air Force: Fifty-159[34]
  • Denmark Majestic Danish Air Force:[11] F-xvi
  • Egypt Egyptian Air Force:[11] F-four and F-16 (AGM-65A/B/E)
  • Greece Hellenic Air Force: F-4[29] and F-sixteen Blocks 30, l, and 52+
  • Hungary Hungarian Air Force:[30] JAS 39
  • Indonesia Indonesian Air Strength:[35] [30] F-16A/B Block xv OCU, F-16C/D Block 52ID, Hawk 209, T-50I (AGM-65B/D/G/K)
  • Iraq Iraqi Air Forcefulness:[xxx] F-16C/D Block 52 (AGM-65H/Yard)
  • Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force: F-4E[29] and SH-3D; Islamic Commonwealth of Iran Army Aviation: AH-1J
  • Israel Israeli Air Force: F-4E[29] and F-16
  • Italy Italian Navy:[11] AV-8B
  • Japan JMSDF: P-i[36]
  • Jordan Purple Jordanian Air Force:[eleven] F-xvi MLU and F-5E/F
  • Kuwait Kuwait Air Force.[eleven]
  • Malaysia Royal Malaysian Air Strength: F/A-18D,[37] and Hawk 208
  • Morocco Imperial Moroccan Air Strength:[11] F-xvi Block 52+, F-5E/F
  • Netherlands Royal Netherlands Air Force: F-16 MLU
  • Pakistan Pakistan Air Forcefulness:[11] F-16
  • Peru Peruvian Navy: SH-2G[38]
  • Philippines Philippine Air Forcefulness: FA-50PH (AGM-65G2)[39]
  • Poland Smooth Air Strength:[thirty] F-sixteen Block 50/52+
  • Portugal Portuguese Air Force:[11] F-16A/B Block 15 OCU and F-16AM/BM MLU, A-7P. Capable of existence launched by the Portuguese P-3C Cup+ (AGM-65F/Grand MAVERICK).
  • Romania Romanian Air Force:[11] F-16A/B Block 15 MLU
  • Saudi Arabia Royal Saudi Air Strength: F-5E[29] F-15E
  • Serbia Serbian Air Force: J-22[40] [ unreliable source? ] and M-4[41] [ unreliable source? ]
  • Singapore Commonwealth of Singapore Air Strength: A-4SU, F-5S, F-16C/D Block 52, F-15SG and Hunter[ commendation needed ]
  • South Korea Republic of Korea Air Forcefulness: FA-fifty, TA-l,[42] F-16C/D Block 52D, F-15K, F-4[29]
  • Spain Spanish Air Force:[eleven] F/A-eighteen; and Castilian Navy: AV-8B
  • Sweden Swedish Air Forcefulness: Designated RB 75; used on AJ37, AJS37[29] and JAS 39[25] The Maverick is currently not in Swedish service[43]
  • Switzerland Swiss Air Force: F-5E and Hunter[29]
  • Taiwan Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan):[11] F-16A/B Block twenty (AGM-65G), AIDC F-CK-i Ching-kuo (AGM-65B), and F-5E/F (AGM-65B)
  • Thailand Imperial Thai Air Forcefulness:[11] F-16A/B Block xv OCU/ADF and JAS 39
  • Turkey Turkish Air Forcefulness: F-16 and F-4[29]
  • Tunisia Tunisian Air Force F-5 / AGM-65A[44]
  • United Kingdom Royal Air Forcefulness: Harrier GR7[45]

According to the commodity on Kh-23 Grom the guidance organisation of the Serbian Grom-B is based on the Maverick arrangement.[ citation needed ]

Former users [edit]

See also [edit]

  • AGM-179 JAGM
  • AGM-114 Hellfire
  • Kh-29

Related lists

  • List of military shipping of the United States
  • List of missiles

References [edit]

Notes
  1. ^ Laur and Llanso claim that 18 Mavericks were launched for 13 hits during the Vietnam War from January to February 1973, while the Israelis launched l Mavericks during the Yom Kippur State of war for 42 hits and five deliberate misses.[18]
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d due east f g h i j 1000 l 1000 "AGM-65 Maverick". United States Air Forcefulness. 16 Nov 2007. Archived from the original on ane Baronial 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f chiliad h i j k 50 m n o p q r south "Raytheon (Hughes) AGM-65 Bohemian". Designationsystems.internet. vii April 2005. Archived from the original on 4 Oct 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d Bonds & Miller 2002, p. 230.
  4. ^ a b c "AGM-65 Maverick" (PDF). Raytheon. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on iv November 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  5. ^ a b "AGM-65 Maverick" (PDF). Raytheon. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 22 Dec 2011.
  6. ^ a b c Clancy 1995, p. 163
  7. ^ Lambeth, Benjamin (2000). The Transformation of American Air Power . Cornell Academy Press. p. 39. ISBN0801438160.
  8. ^ a b c d e f yard "Maverick: smarter than average". Flight International. 23 November 1972. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  9. ^ "Maverick Under Control". Flight International: 582. nine October 1969. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d due east Clancy 1995, p. 164
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Friedman 2006, p. 562.
  12. ^ a b Clancy 1995, p. 166.
  13. ^ a b c Lewis, Paul (30 April – 6 May 2002). "Raytheon considers turbojet as part of Bohemian missile upgrade bundle". Archived from the original on eight Apr 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  14. ^ U.S. Air Force Completes Developmental Testing of Raytheon Laser-Guided Maverick Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine – Raytheon news release, 9 Baronial 2011
  15. ^ Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Maverick Missile Will Hit Pirates Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine – Ainonline.com, 15 Feb 2012
  16. ^ Clancy 1995, pp. 163–164.
  17. ^ "Air-to-ground: Hughes AGM-65 Bohemian". Flight International. 2 August 1980. Archived from the original on 5 Nov 2013. Retrieved xx Dec 2011.
  18. ^ Laur & Llanso 1995, pp. 273–274.
  19. ^ Pretty 1976, p. 191
  20. ^ Laur & Llanso 1995, p. 274.
  21. ^ "Functioning Morvarid". Iinavy.org. Archived from the original on xi February 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  22. ^ http://axgig.com/images/79016160811542429413.jpg Archived 16 May 2013 at the Wayback Automobile
  23. ^ Welcome Shahed Magazines Archived 2 Feb 2014 at the Wayback Motorcar
  24. ^ http://www.aja.ir/portal/File/ShowFile.aspx?ID=3b14fc31-0ee4-4e3f-8809-664c181e3b6d [ dead link ]
  25. ^ a b c d eastward f g h Elliott, Simon. "The Missiles That Worked". Flying International. p. 38. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 20 Dec 2011.
  26. ^ a b U.Due south. 6th Armada Public Affairs (31 March 2011). "Navy Firsts During Odyssey Dawn". United States European Command. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  27. ^ a b c d "LAU-117 Maverick Launcher". FAS Armed services Analysis Network. 23 April 2000. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  28. ^ "F/A-18 fact file". U.s. Navy. xiii October 2006. Archived from the original on 11 Jan 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Hughes AGM-65 Maverick". Flight International. five February 1983. p. 324. Archived from the original on viii April 2014. Retrieved 21 Dec 2011.
  30. ^ a b c d due east f g "AGM-65 Maverick Tactical Air-Basis Missile, United States of America". Airforce Engineering.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  31. ^ Karim 1996, p. 71.
  32. ^ "AGM-65 Maverick Tactical Air-Ground Missile, Us of America". airforce-engineering.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved xviii July 2015.
  33. ^ "Technical Specifications: CF-188 Hornet". Airforce.forces.gc.ca. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  34. ^ "L-159 calls the shots in Norway". Flying International. 23–29 June 1999. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  35. ^ "Indonesia – AGM-65K2 Maverick Missiles". Defence Security Cooperation Agency. 22 August 2012. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  36. ^ "次期固定哨戒機（XP-ane）性能評価を実施中". Technical Inquiry and Evolution Institute. June 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  37. ^ "Malaysia asks for more than F-18s". Flying International. 14–20 September 1994. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  38. ^ "NZ sells before longhoped-for retired Seasprites to Peru". Australian Aviation. 22 December 2014. Archived from the original on x September 2017. Retrieved half dozen July 2017.
  39. ^ "Philippine Air Force receives AIM-9L/I-1 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, AGM-65G2 Bohemian air-to-ground missiles". Philippine Air Strength. 16 September 2019.
  40. ^ "Soko J-22 Orao Basis Attack and Reconnaissance Aircraft, Bosnia and herzegovina". Airforce-engineering science.com. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  41. ^ "Soko Grand-4 Super Galeb Military Trainer and Basis Set on Aircraft, Serbia". Airforce-engineering science.com. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  42. ^ Sung-Ki, Jung (15 February 2008). "S. Korea Speeds Upwardly Air Changes". DefenseNews.com . Retrieved 21 December 2011. [ dead link ]
  43. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2018. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. ^ Jon Lake (16 May 2012). "Small force that has wealth of experience". Arabian Aerospace. Archived from the original on v March 2016. Retrieved half dozen July 2017.
  45. ^ Hoyle, Craig; Hasharon, Ramat (14–20 December 2004). "Great britain considers decoy for Harriers". Flying International. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  46. ^ "Australian navy makes avionics software deal". Flight International. 20–26 February 2001. Archived from the original on 8 Apr 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  47. ^ "Kahu Skyhawk fires Maverick". Flight International. xiii May 1989. Archived from the original on eight April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
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  • Karim, Afsir (1996). Indo-Pak relations: viewpoints, 1989–1996. New Delhi: Lancer Publishers. ISBN978-1-897829-23-3.
  • Laur, Timothy M.; Llanso, Steven 50 (1995). Encyclopedia of mod U.S. military weapons . New York Urban center: Berkley Books. ISBN978-0-425-14781-8.
  • Pretty, R. T., ed. (1976). Jane'southward Weapons Systems 1977. London: Jane'south Yearbooks. ISBN0-354-00541-3.

External links [edit]

  • Video clip of a T50 trainer firing a Maverick
  • Video clip detailing the Maverick's performance

griggsthruseell.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick

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